Africa under cyber attack: who's really safe online?

Cybercrime affects millions of people across the African continent. As the digital landscape continues to expand across the globe, Africa has also seen some dark underbelly of online scams.

Interpol announced on 22 August it had orchestrated a major cybercrime crackdown, leading to the arrest of 1,209 suspects across Africa and the recovery of nearly $97.4 million.

Operation Serengeti 2.0, as the crackdown was dubbed, brought together investigators from 18 African countries and the United Kingdom to fight harmful cybercrimes including inheritance scams, ransomware and business email compromise, which targeted nearly 88,000 victims.

This operation has exposed just how rampant these fraudulent activities have become in Africa, raising critical questions about how to navigate the virtual world and protect citizens.

One major challenge is the geographical reach of cybercrime.

"Cybercrime is very, very complex," Interpol cybercrime unit director Neal Jetton told Africanews.

"You can have cybercriminals on one continent. You can have the equipment and infrastructure that they're using based somewhere else, on a different continent, and victims will be global. To successfully combat transnational cyber crime, what you need is cooperation and collaboration."

Headquartered in Lyon, France, Interpol counts 196 member countries that mutualise their law enforcement forces. This worldwide cooperation can lead to large-scale efforts like Operation Serengeti 2.0.

But fighting cybercrime also takes day-to-day work, including at the governmental level.

"Data protection is fundamental," Nnenna Ifeanyi-Ajufo, a professor of Law & Technology at Leeds Law School, told Africanews. "We need to be very sincere about our current state in Africa in terms of protecting the data of its citizens."

The African Union adopted the Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection in 2014. It entered into force in June 2023.

While the convention can be regarded as ambitious, tackling wide-ranging issues from electronic commerce to child pornography, fewer than 20 countries have ratified it out of 55 African Union member states.

Ifeanyi-Ajufo calls for "due process-based cybercrime enforcement."

"More empowerment, accountability, and capacity building of people are needed," she said.