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Heart disease under-treated in Africa

  1. Posted on Monday 23 April 2012 - 12:23
    Sanday
    Image of Sanday
    Sanday Chongo Kabange in Hong Kong
    Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is significantly under-treated in Africa and India according to the preliminary findings of a new global study presented at the World Congress of Cardiology in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
    africa map
    Across the African and Indian regions included in the study it was revealed that patients were not receiving the surgery they needed - secondary prevention with penicillin - to prevent further attacks of rheumatic fever.

    Surgery is being under-utilized and many patients are unaware of their target anti-coagulation levels. Only 41 per cent of patients enrolled in the study had received surgery.

    “As the pilot results included a large tertiary academic centre, this does not reflect the dire lack of surgery available at the majority of enrolling centers,” said the study. “In fact, more than 85 per cent of the enrolling centres do not have surgery available on a regular basis for RHD patients”

    Nearly one-quarter of all patients or 22 per cent were in atrial fibrillation and of these patients, only 65 per cent were receiving necessary anti-coagulant therapy.

    71 per cent of the patients did not know their target international normalized ratio (INR) - an indicator of blood clotting time - 14 per cent had no INR reading in the six months prior to enrolling in the study and 78 per cent were not at their INR target.

    The study results further showed that only 36 per cent of patients with moderate or severe disease and only 20 per cent of those that have undergone valve replacement surgery are receiving secondary prophylaxis with penicillin.

    “Across Africa and India it is widely known by cardiologists that many patients with RHD do not have access to the healthcare treatment they need. These results unfortunately show that even those that are being treated are not receiving the care they need, for a variety of reasons,” said Dr. Liesl Züklhe, Paediatric Cardiologist, Red Cross Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

    “These preliminary results are the first step in really understanding the extent of the problems that the RHD community are facing. We urgently need to accumulate robust data and investigate the barriers of care that exist in order to control this disease. Hopefully this will reinforce the need for political commitment and action to fight this disease.”

    The data represent the first findings from the RHD global registry (REMEDY), which is currently ongoing in almost 30 centres in Africa, Middle East and India.

    Five hundred and seventy-nine patients from 10 sites in Africa and India were enrolled in the REMEDY study during the first 10-month pilot period as part of a global effort to better understand the situation today.

    In the recent years, cardiovascular diseases have increasingly become common across Africa but little knowledge and sensitization has led to deaths which might have been controlled or prevented.

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